Founder of Electronic City, Bangalore
This is the story of Ram Krishna Baliga, a moonshot visionary and the founder of Electronic City in Bangalore, India—an innovation that led to the region earning the sobriquet “Silicon Valley of India.” He also envisioned establishing twenty Electronic Cities across Karnataka. Ram Krishna Baliga was a high-energy, ecumenical, entrepreneurial government bureaucrat, educator, and polymath who worked relentlessly to make the world a better place.
He was a transformational figure whose dream changed the economy of Bangalore, that of the state of Karnataka, that of India, and the world. He established the ‘Silicon Route’ from the Bay Area to Bangalore.
"R.K. Baliga's visionary leadership and entrepreneurial spirit played a pivotal role in the establishment of The Electronic City in Bangalore, India, earning it the moniker 'Silicon Valley of India'. His ambitious vision extended beyond Bangalore, as he envisioned twenty Electronic Cities across Karnataka, contributing significantly to the state's and India's economic landscape. Baliga's legacy as a transformational figure transcends regional boundaries, as his initiatives have had a global impact, symbolized by the establishment of the 'Silicon Route' connecting the Bay Area to Bangalore."
He was born in Mangalore, Konkan Coast, on 29th December 1929 in Mangalore (or Mangaluru as it is known now), which was then in the Madras Presidency of British India. The map of the Madras Presidency on the left shows Mangalore on the West Coast, and Madras was on the East Coast and it surrounded the Old State of Mysore. The color photograph shows now that Mangalore is in the state of Karnataka (or the state of Mysore as it was known until November 1973) was redistricted to include the parts of the Madras presidency and is now called the state of Karnataka. Mangalore was in the South Canara District now known as Dakshina Kannada District along the west coast of India.
R.K. Baliga, born as Bantwal Ramakrishna Baliga on December 29th, 1929, in Mangalore, was a part of a Gowd Saraswat Brahmin community where wearing earrings was a traditional practice, as evidenced by his attire in the photograph on the left. His parents, Shri Bantwal Vaikunta and Smt. Sharada (nee Karkala Gowri Rao) Baliga, are depicted in the color photograph on the right, providing a glimpse into his familial background and cultural heritage.
Goud Saraswat Brahmins arrived there in the 1890s. They were instrumental in creating a flourishing market and town, and their businesses still form the core of the local economy. R.K. Baliga’s background is from a lineage of entrepreneurs---the Gauda Saraswat Brahmins who arrived to the Konkan Coast in the 1890s. They were instrumental in creating a flourishing market and town, and their businesses still form the core of the local economy.
R.K. Baliga hailed from a family with deep roots in the entrepreneurial and service-oriented Gowd Saraswat Brahmin community of coastal Karnataka.
Young R.K. Baliga wearing traditional earrings, which was customary for people of his community.
The Baliga family was part of a region renowned for its pioneering role in Indian banking, which fostered a spirit of enterprise and innovation.
This legacy of financial leadership not only shaped their community’s economic growth but also inspired generations to pursue progressive ventures across diverse sectors.
Their enduring commitment to social advancement helped lay the foundation for institutions that continue to influence India’s financial and educational landscape today.
Shri B. Vaikunta Baliga, the father of R.K. Baliga, led a multifaceted life as a social activist, freedom fighter, lawyer, and politician. His contributions extended to both Tamil Nadu and Mysore State, where he served as a Member of the Legislative Assembly. He held significant positions such as Law Minister and later Speaker of the Legislative Assembly in the State of Mysore. Notably, his advocacy for social justice led to his excommunication by the Konkani Swamijis and Indian High Priests for his support of dining with Harijans/Dalits, reflecting his unwavering commitment to equality and human rights.
M.N. Prabhu B. Vaikunta Baliga dedicated his life to serving the public good and was deeply influenced by Mahatma Gandhi's principles, actively participating in the freedom movement from 1934 onwards. Embracing Gandhian simplicity, he lived a frugal life, donning the iconic Khadi jacket and cap. His commitment to social welfare extended to his professional endeavors, where he served as Director and later Chairman of the Canara Banking Corporation, now known as Corporation Bank (founded by Haji Abdullah), from 1932 to 1957. Additionally, he provided legal counsel to the Bishop of Mangalore.
Mr. B. Vaikunta Baliga's commitment to social equity is evidenced by his actions, including dining with Harijans/Dalits, which led to his excommunication by the Konkani Swamijis (high priests of the Konkani community). This courageous stance against caste-based discrimination reflects his dedication to promoting equality and justice within society.
The photograph of the Kochikar Brothers engaged in charitable activities in Bombay highlights their active involvement in social service. Their efforts to provide essential support to those in need reflect a broader commitment to humanitarian values and community development.
Mr. B. Vaikunta Baliga was recognized for his progressive social reforms, including his outspoken opposition to untouchability and his efforts to promote equal rights and opportunities for all sections of society, regardless of caste or creed.
Mr. B. Vaikunta Baliga, as the Inaugural President of the Academy of General Education, imparted profound wisdom during the first convocation address of Kasturba Medical College, stating, "Great Things Come from Small & Humble Beginnings." This statement encapsulates the essence of perseverance, resilience, and the transformative power of humble origins, serving as an inspirational mantra for the journey ahead.
A treasured photograph of Mrs. Sharada alongside her husband Mr. Bantwal Vaikunta Baliga, BA, BL, capturing their enduring companionship and dignified presence.
Mr. B. Vaikunta Baliga, BA, BL, seen here in the Assembly Hall during his tenure as Speaker of the Mysore Legislative Assembly. This image captures his dignified presence and leadership in the proceedings. It reflects his commitment to public service and governance.
Mr. B. Vaikunta Baliga, BA, BL, seen here warmly interacting with leaders and dignitaries of his time. This image reflects his cordial relationships and active involvement in political and social circles. His gracious presence is evident in this historic moment.
Mr. B. Vaikunta Baliga, BA, BL, seen here attending a public event alongside other dignitaries and guests. This image captures his esteemed presence and active participation in important social and cultural gatherings. It reflects his dedication to public life and community engagement.
Birth: April 10, 1895, in Bantwal, 16 miles from Mangalore.
Early Education: Mangalore, followed by Pre University Course (PUC) at Saint Aloysius College.
Higher Education: Pachiappa’s College, Madras (Bachelor in Arts, McDonald Gold Medal 1916-17).
Law: Law College of Madras, established successful law practice in Mangalore, serving as lawyer to the Bishop of Mangalore.
The devastating flood in Bantwal village in 1923, during which Mr. B. Vaikunta Baliga witnessed his father lose all his savings, undoubtedly instilled a sense of resilience in him. This experience likely influenced his future endeavors, shaping his determination to overcome challenges and contribute to the betterment of his community and society at large.
The excerpt from "March of Mysore" 1967 sheds light on the compassionate and resilient character of Mr. B. Vaikunta Baliga. During the devastating floods of 1923 in Bantwal, he demonstrated exceptional courage and humanity by personally overseeing the distribution of temple foodgrains to the distressed, despite the risk of violating trust terms. This act of moral courage earned him the gratitude of his native town and epitomized his commitment to serving others. Mr. Baliga's upbringing in a family known for its integrity and compassion, as well as his mother's influence through religious teachings, shaped his ethos of human fellowship and empathy. Throughout his life, he remained dedicated to uplifting those in need, supporting education for underprivileged children and nurturing talent wherever he encountered it. His passion for knowledge and literature, particularly the works of Swami Vivekananda, fueled his desire to acquire books and inspired his intellectual pursuits. Despite achieving success as a lawyer, his humility, integrity, and genuine concern for others endeared him to all who knew him. Mr. Baliga's patriotism was characterized by his modest yet impactful contributions to the freedom movement, reflecting his belief in the collective effort required for societal progress. Even in his later years, Mr. Baliga's enthusiasm for learning and his meticulous approach to his work remained undiminished, serving as a source of inspiration to those around him. His enduring faith in the future and unwavering dedication to his endeavors underscore his remarkable spirit and enduring legacy.
The photographs depict Mr. B. Vaikunta Baliga's illustrious journey as a dedicated public servant and esteemed leader. His meetings with prominent figures such as President Radhakrishnan, Maharaja Krishnaraja Wodeyar (Governor of Mysore), Jawaharlal Nehru (Inaugural Prime Minister of India), Mrs. Indira Gandhi, B.D. Jatti (Chief Minister of Mysore) & J.B. Mallaradhya (Member of Legislative Council of Mysore) and other political leaders underscore his significant contributions to Indian politics and governance. As a Member of the Legislative Assembly in both Madras and Mysore, he served his constituents with dedication, advocating for their interests and championing social justice causes. Additionally, his role as the Founding President of the Karnataka Library Association reflects his commitment to education and intellectual advancement. The establishment of the Vaikunta Baliga College of Law in Udupi stands as a testament to his enduring legacy in the field of legal education. Overall, Mr. Vaikunta Baliga's life exemplifies selfless service and leadership, leaving a lasting impact on the communities he served and the nation as a whole.
The Vaikunta Baliga College of Law is a prominent institution dedicated to legal education and training. Named after the illustrious leader and public servant, Mr. B. Vaikunta Baliga, the college is committed to upholding his values of integrity, social justice, and service to society. Located in Udupi, Karnataka, the college provides high quality legal education to aspiring lawyers, emphasizing both academic excellence and practical skills development. With a focus on nurturing ethical and competent legal professionals, the Vaikunta Baliga College of Law plays a vital role in shaping the future of the legal profession in India. Sadananda Gowda is a prominent alumnus of the Vaikunta Baliga College of Law. He is a prominent Indian politician belonging to the Bharathiya Janata Party (BJP). Sadananda Gowda has served in various governmental roles, including as the 20th Chief Minister of Karnataka from 2011 to 2012. He has also held ministerial positions in the Union Cabinet, including Minister of Law and Justice, Minister of Railways, and Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers. Gowda's alma mater, the Vaikunta Baliga College of Law, is proud to count him among its distinguished alumni.
Mr. B. Vaikunta Baliga's profound spiritual outlook shaped his public service and personal life. His address to the Indian Institute of World Culture on Independence Day reflected his deep admiration for Mahatma Gandhi and his inclusive approach to religion and spirituality. He emphasized Gandhi's broad interpretation of religion as self-realization based on morality and truth, underscoring universal principles that transcend religious boundaries. Drawing upon the teachings of saints and sages, he believed that divinity resides within each individual, empowering humanity to create a harmonious and compassionate world.
Mr. Baliga often cited concepts from various faiths to promote unity and mutual respect. He remarked, “From the great teachings that have come down to us from Saints and Sages, cannot we understand that Divinity is still in all of us and that we can make the world a beautiful place.” This inclusive philosophy guided his interactions with people of different communities, fostering an environment of peace and understanding. His vision of spirituality transcended rigid doctrines, focusing instead on truth, morality, and the welfare of all.
Throughout his life, he upheld the values of honesty, simplicity, and compassion. His belief in universal spirituality allowed him to connect with people from all walks of life, championing social justice without prejudice. Whether addressing legal forums, political assemblies, or cultural gatherings, Mr. Vaikunta Baliga invoked a spirit of service rooted in ethical conduct and devotion to a higher purpose. This broad perspective enabled him to work tirelessly for the upliftment of society, embodying the true spirit of ecumenism and national integration.
His enduring legacy in faith and public life continues to inspire generations to live with integrity and strive towards creating an inclusive and compassionate society. By embracing the core teachings of all religions, Mr. Baliga exemplified a life dedicated to the service of humanity, leaving behind a timeless message of unity in diversity. His life remains a beacon for those who seek to combine spirituality with dedicated public service, reminding us that true leadership stems from moral strength and empathy.
R.K. Baliga's education at Canara High School, situated across the street from his childhood home, Founded by Ammembal Subba Rao Pai, the same visionary behind the establishment of Canara Bank, Canara High School likely provided Mr. Baliga with a strong educational foundation rooted in the values of excellence, integrity, and community engagement.
Mr. R.K. Baliga's educational journey at St. Aloysius College, Mangalore, where he pursued his Intermediate Science or Pre-University course, played a significant role in shaping his inclusive outlook on life. Graduating with distinction in Mathematics, Physics, and Chemistry reflects his academic excellence and commitment to learning. Additionally, the decision to enroll his children in Catholic/Jesuit schools highlights Mr. Baliga's appreciation for the quality education and values instilled by such institutions, further emphasizing his broad-minded approach to education and upbringing.
Mr. R.K. Baliga's enrollment at St. Aloysius College, Mangalore for his 11th and 12th standards, known as the Intermediate University course or Pre-University course in India, provided him with a foundational education that included subjects like English and Algebra. It was during this time that he developed a broad-minded and inclusive approach to life, influenced by the diverse learning environment and values espoused by the institution. This ecumenical perspective would likely shape his future endeavors and interactions, contributing to his commitment to societal progress and inclusivity.
Following his completion of 11th and 12th grades, Mr. R.K. Baliga pursued a Bachelor of Electrical Engineering degree at Annamalai University in Madras, graduating with first-class honors in 1951. His achievement of being among the four students awarded honors underscores his academic excellence and dedication to his studies during his undergraduate years.
The group photo featuring Mr. R.K. Baliga during his undergraduate years at Annamalai University likely captures a significant moment in his academic journey. Such photos serve as tangible reminders of the formative experiences and relationships cultivated during one's time in higher education. As Mr. Baliga stands among his peers, it symbolizes the collective pursuit of knowledge and growth shared by students during their university years. His brother in law Dr MU Pai was Professor, sitting second from right.
The trend of applicants from Mangalore seeking higher education in Madras/Chennai during Mr. R.K. Baliga's time can be attributed to several factors, including the prominence of Madras as the capital of the Madras Presidency. As a center of education and administrative activity, Madras offered a range of academic opportunities and resources that attracted students from neighboring regions like Mangalore. Additionally, the reputation of institutions in Madras, coupled with the accessibility of educational facilities and programs, likely influenced the decision of many aspiring students to pursue their college education in the city.
Mr. R.K. Baliga's academic journey continued with pursuit of his Master's degree at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), where he completed DIISc (equivalent to MS) in 1953, supported by a Madras Government Merit Scholarship. Following his degree, he remained at IISc as a research scholar for six months, contributing to scholarly endeavors in his field. Additionally, his involvement in civic and public activities at IISc, including serving as the Treasurer of the IISc Gymkhana in 1953, reflects his commitment to campus community engagement and leadership.
Upon recommendation from the Director of the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), he secured a position with General Electric in the United States. The Director at the time, either Maneklal Sankalchand or Prof. Thacker, an esteemed Indian Power Engineer and academic, later assumed the role of Director General of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. Prof. Thacker's influential tenure included serving as Professor and Chair of the Department of Power Engineering at IISc before assuming directorship, which he held until 1955. Notably, Prof. Thacker was elected Head of the Free Masons in India from January 1969 to December 1974, serving two consecutive terms as the most worshipful Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of India. It's intriguing that a book indicating Mr. R.K. Baliga's initiation into the Lodge was discovered among his belongings posthumously, shedding light on a lesser known aspect of his life. Despite his silence on the matter, it raises the possibility of his involvement in the Lodge, potentially influenced by his mentor Prof. Thacker. However, without records of his membership at the Bangalore Lodge location, the extent of his participation remains uncertain.
Between 1948 and 1953, Mr. R.K. Baliga’s early career spanned various roles, including positions at the Mangalore Electricity Supply Company Co, Central Water & Power Commission in Delhi, and the Delhi State Electricity Board. Subsequently, he served as a Research Scholar at the Indian Institute of Science. These foundational experiences provided him with a broad understanding of India's infrastructure and energy needs, which would later inform his visionary projects.
Gained early practical experience in electrical power distribution and supply management in his hometown of Mangalore, understanding the ground realities of power infrastructure.
Worked at the national level on critical water and power infrastructure projects, gaining exposure to large-scale planning, policy implementation, and the complexities of national development initiatives.
Further honed his skills in state-level electricity management, operations, and distribution systems within the bustling environment of the national capital, dealing with practical challenges of urban power supply.
Pursued advanced research while completing his Master's degree, developing strong analytical and research skills that would be crucial for his future roles in technological development and policy-making.
In 1953, Mr. R.K. Baliga embarked on his journey to the U.S. via London, UK, aboard the ship named Mooltan. He commenced his voyage from Mumbai/Bombay, marking the beginning of his rotation at General Electric in the United States. The ship Mooltan was built in 1923 and was eventually scrapped in 1964. At that time, a preliminary medical certificate described Mr. R.K. Baliga as being five feet nine inches tall and weighing 142 pounds. The journey from India to the US took at least three weeks in those days.
Once he arrived in the U.S, on the recommendation of the Director of the Indian Institute of Science, Mr. R.K. Baliga worked at General Electric for about 13 months. He initially worked at the Erie Works in Erie, Pennsylvania, focusing on development engineering. Later, he moved to the DeKalb Works in DeKalb, Illinois, where he was involved in engineering production and quality control of motors. Finally, he worked in Schenectady, New York, as an Erection Engineer. In addition to his primary roles, Mr. R.K. Baliga also conducted testing and setting of turbines, motors, and generators during his tenure at General Electric. He completed his 13-month assignment successfully, and his exceptional performance led to a one month extension, requested by a specific department. He received very high recommendations for his work during this period.
He completed 13 months at General Electric, with one month extension granted on special request by one of the departments due to his exceptional performance. He received very high recommendations during his year at General Electric, and his work was so valued that he was profiled in the General Electric news from DeKalb, Illinois. This early international exposure and recognition underscored his innate talent and dedication to engineering excellence, setting the stage for his future contributions to India's technological landscape.
His exceptional performance led to an extension of his assignment and high recommendations for future opportunities, demonstrating his early impact in a leading global corporation.
While working at General Electric, R.K. Baliga was profiled in the General Electric News from DeKalb, Illinois. In an article titled "My Homeland India," he highlights India's significant population, noting that every sixth person in the world hails from India, which boasts a population of 361 million, slightly more than double that of the United States.
The biography of B.R. Baliga, formerly known as Bantwal Ramkrishna Baliga, details his upbringing in Mangalore, India, a city known for exporting cashews, black pepper, coffee, and forest products to Western countries, particularly the United States. He received 11 years of schooling and completed two years of university studies in Mangalore before attending Annamalai University on the east coast, where he graduated with honors after four years. Subsequently, he pursued his master's degree at the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore, a city renowned for its pleasant weather and attracting numerous visitors each year.
Regarding religion, Baliga notes the prevalence of various faiths in India, including Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, Islam, and Christianity. He emphasizes Hinduism's philosophical nature and its significant presence alongside other religions. Approximately 10 percent of the population adheres to Islam, while only two percent follow Christianity.
Baliga highlights India's historical allure to adventurers, traders, and explorers due to its prosperity, natural resources, and love of freedom. He discusses the country's ongoing development efforts, including numerous multi-purpose and small projects aimed at flood control, irrigation expansion, and power generation, all intended to improve economic and living conditions. He predicts increased power generation from India's abundant natural resources, including mica, much of which is exported to the United States.
Additionally, he praises India's rich artistic heritage, encompassing paintings, sculptures, engravings, and other forms of art. Baliga further elaborates on India's cultural landmarks, mentioning the Taj Mahal's construction from solid marble over 18 years. He also highlights unique anecdotes, such as India's gift of a finely made saree packed in a matchbox-sized box to Queen Victoria. Regarding India's climate, Baliga emphasizes its diversity, from snow-clad peaks in the north to coastal regions in the south, offering travelers a wide range of experiences. He assures potential tourists that India's variety ensures satisfaction for all who visit, catering to their diverse interests and preferences.
Baliga's dedication to learning extended to his time at General Electric, where he pursued an evening course in "Economics and Advanced Engineering," showcasing his commitment to expanding his knowledge and skills beyond his primary field of expertise.
Baliga’s assurance comes true many years later (that he can assure anybody and everybody that if they go to India that no tourist is disappointed because of the fact India can cater to the needs and whims of all tourists who come in search of something “after their own heart”). According to Washington Post, Baliga's assurance proved true over the years, as evidenced by anecdotes like Steve Jobs recommending to Mark Zuckerberg to visit an Indian temple during a challenging period for Facebook. Zuckerberg recounted this experience during a meeting with the Indian Prime Minister, highlighting how his visit to India helped him clarify his vision for Facebook's future amidst difficulties. This demonstrates the lasting impact of Baliga's early insights into India's global appeal and potential.
R.K. Baliga was devout, he did perform Graha Pravesha Pooja when he built a new house and this is a photograph where he does the Pooja with the poojari and also in the photograph are his wife Shanthi Baliga, his daughter Lathika Pai (currently the Country Head, Microsoft - Venture Capital and PE Partners for India) and his mother Sharada Baliga.
In this photograph, taken during the thread ceremony of his older son, Raghavendra, it showcases his devout nature.. Among the attendees are several prominent figures who have emerged as leaders in today's society.
R.K. Baliga’s family included accomplished entrepreneurs, bankers, and professionals—such as his brother-in-law T. Ramesh U. Pai (entrepreneur, Manipal), siblings Mohan Baliga (senior banker, Corporation Bank) and Vishwanath Baliga (Oriental Insurance, Mangalore), and brother-in-law Kochikar Krishna Pai (entrepreneur). Other notable relatives were U. Devdas Acharya (Auditor General of Karnataka) and B.A. Mallya (Corporation Bank board member, who aided Vittal Mallya in founding United Breweries). The family’s next generation also excelled globally: Harish Mallya (entrepreneur), Dr. Vasanth Baliga (pediatrician, USA), Kanaka Nayak Sirpal (banker, Singapore), Pangal Ramchandra Nayak (senior banker, Deutsche Bank, London), and Chitra Nayak (independent director, Infosys).
Following his tenure at General Electric, R.K. Baliga transitioned to Westinghouse Electric International Company, where he spent another year gaining valuable experience in engineering applications and sales engineering. During this period, he honed his expertise in a variety of areas, including switch gear, large generators, rectifiers, motors, heat pumps, air conditioning systems, and control panels. This diversified experience equipped him with a comprehensive understanding of electrical engineering and its practical applications across different industries.
R.K. Baliga received glowing reviews during his time at Westinghouse Electric, with supervisors noting his high degree of interest and keen understanding of technical aspects of the work. Described as a very eager worker, he successfully performed all tasks assigned to him, showcasing his dedication and competence in his role. This is the certificate confirming R.K. Baliga's successful completion of training at Westinghouse Electric Corporation. His consistent high performance across different international corporations highlighted his exceptional engineering capabilities and strong work ethic.
At Westinghouse Electric, R.K. Baliga served as the president of the International Club, fostering goodwill among more than 10 different nationalities represented within the corporation, including Americans. This role highlighted his ability to connect with diverse groups and promote understanding across cultures, a skill that would prove invaluable in his later work in India's burgeoning electronics industry.
His leadership in the International Club demonstrated his early aptitude for cross-cultural communication and collaboration, essential qualities for a visionary who would later bridge technological gaps between India and global hubs like Silicon Valley. This experience broadened his perspective on global industrial practices and human relations, contributing to his holistic approach to development.
During his tenure at Kaiser Engineering Overseas Corporation in Jamshedpur, Mr. R.K. Baliga likely gained valuable experience in engineering and project management. Additionally, during his time in Oakland, he observed the electronic industry, including companies like Hewlett Packard, which likely broadened his understanding of technological advancements and industry trends.
Before returning to Jamshedpur, India Mr. R.K. Baliga worked at Kaiser Engineering in Oakland, California. Notably, he was known for driving from coast to coast of the USA in his car, demonstrating both his adventurous spirit and his commitment to exploring new experiences.
R.K. Baliga had plans to pursue a Ph.D. in the US, but his father urged him to return to India as he didn't want both his sons to be away from the country. This photograph captures a moment before Baliga left the US to return to India, marking a pivotal decision in his life and career.
In New York, R.K. Baliga embarked on the SS Queen Elizabeth, as indicated by the ship's records, which show its journey from New York to Southampton, England. A few days later, he embarked on the ship Corfu to return to Mumbai/Bombay. As you can observe, the entire journey from India to the US took at least three weeks. HMS Corfu, a Royal Navy ship during World War II, was later sold and converted for civilian use. Renamed P&O Corfu, it operated as a passenger liner for the P&O Line, primarily on the route from Tilbury, England, to Sydney, Australia, during the 1950s. This transition from military to commercial service reflects a common post-war practice of repurposing surplus vessels for civilian transportation.
In a letter of recommendation to Kaiser Engineers, Mr. Baliga's boss, Mr. Bookman, noted his exceptional performance, stating, "Mr. Baliga arrived on this project as a designer, and after observing for five months, I requested that he be transferred to the field to head up our field office." Mr. Baliga was entrusted with responsibilities such as checking and approving bills of material, requisitioning materials and supplies, and ensuring their proper distribution. He maintained a constant vigil in all areas and averted many mix-ups.
In another confidential memorandum, Mr. Bookman, his boss, further asserts that Mr. Baliga has justified the very high recommendations of General Electric Company and Westinghouse Electric Corporation through his work in their organization. He emphasizes Mr. Baliga's indispensable role as an electrical engineer.
After completing his tenure as a Westinghouse student, Mr. Baliga returned to India in 1956 with an assignment from Kaiser Engineers Consulting Engineers to Tata Steel Jamshedpur. His task was to oversee the expansion of their production capacity from 1 million tons to 2 million tons per annum, a project that costed $160 million and had to be completed within a period of 33 months. During his three years at Kaiser Engineers and their Associates, Mr. Baliga was initially involved in the design and drawing division. He also took on responsibilities for planning material control and coordination until the equipment arrived on site. Following this, he worked on commissioning and handing over various equipment upon installation. Upon completion of his assignment with Kaiser Engineers, Mr. Baliga transitioned to a subsidiary of Union Carbide, the Natural Carbide Company Limited, based in Calcutta.
R.K. Baliga's CV suggests that he was in Oakland in early 1956, during which time he conceived the idea of establishing a microcosm of electronics for India. While working in Oakland, California, in the mid-1950s, R.K. Baliga would have been well aware of the burgeoning electronics industry, including pioneers like Hewlett-Packard, which was established in 1939. Even at that time, the Bay Area showed promise as a hub for technological innovation, laying the groundwork for what would eventually become Silicon Valley, home to companies like Facebook (Meta), Amazon, Apple, Google, Twitter, Microsoft, Tesla, and many others. This early exposure to the nascent Silicon Valley profoundly influenced his vision for India's technological future.
In 1960, R.K. Baliga became the inaugural Head of the Department of Electrical Engineering and also served as Vice-Principal at the Manipal Institute of Technology. He was the Engineer-in-Charge of the Manipal Engineering College and its workshops. Decades later, notable alumni such as Satya Nadella, the current CEO of Microsoft, and Rajeev Suri, former CEO of Nokia, graduated from the same institution—underscoring its lasting legacy, academic excellence, and distinguished alumni network.
These photographs capture Mr. R.K. Baliga alongside Dr. T.M.A. Pai, the visionary founder of modern-day Manipal and Manipal University. Mr. Baliga, in his own right, would later become the founder of Electronic City in Bangalore, illustrating his visionary approach to urban development. His vision extended to conceiving 20 additional cities in Karnataka, further emphasizing his forward-thinking mindset and dedication to progress. This collaboration with Dr. Pai, a pioneer in education and healthcare, further solidified Baliga's commitment to holistic development and leveraging expertise for societal benefit.
Mr. Baliga's close association with Manipal entrepreneurs, particularly T Ramesh U Pai, his sister's husband, provided him with firsthand insights into navigating the challenges faced by entrepreneurs in a heavily regulated environment. T Ramesh U Pai, instrumental in realizing Dr. TMA Pai's vision for Manipal, also contributed to the development of Reliance Industries and served on its board until his demise. These interactions equipped Mr. Baliga with a deep understanding of bureaucratic hurdles, inspiring his innovative approach to streamline processes for entrepreneurs. His establishment of Electronic City, serving as more than just a physical space but a vibrant hub for entrepreneurial activities, exemplified his commitment to fostering innovation amidst regulatory constraints.
R.K. Baliga, having experienced firsthand the bureaucratic hurdles that entrepreneurs faced in India during a heavily regulated era, gained critical insight into cutting red tape. This understanding led him to pioneer a one‑stop shop for entrepreneurs when he envisioned and established Electronics City. More than just a geographic area, Electronics City became a microcosm of entrepreneurial activity. This practical grasp of the entrepreneurial ecosystem and its bureaucratic bottlenecks uniquely informed his approach to policy and infrastructure, setting his development model apart from other state-led initiatives.
In 1959, Mr. Baliga married Chitra Pai, now known as Shanthi Baliga, whose partnership proved pivotal to his success. Shanthi Baliga, an entrepreneur herself, brought valuable insights and support to their endeavors. Her educational background, including a Master's in Social Work from St. Xavier's, Bombay, complemented Mr. Baliga's pursuits, enriching their collaborative efforts in various initiatives.
Upon his return to India on May 10, 1959, Mr. R.K. Baliga married Chitrakala Pai in Udupi, South Kanara. Their wedding invitation reflects the Indian tradition of elders formally extending the invitation on behalf of the families. On the left side of the card are the names of his in-laws: Kochikar Sanjiv Pai, an engineering graduate from Banaras Hindu University who served as the Head of the Matunga Central Indian Railways Workshop, and Mrs. Girija Pai. Although Mrs. Girija Pai was known for her poetry and translations, she had passed away before the wedding and thus was not mentioned on the card. On the right side is a wedding photograph of Mr. R.K. Baliga with his bride, Chitrakala Pai. Following tradition, she was thereafter known as Shanthi R. Baliga.
This is a photograph of R.K. Baliga and his bride, Shanthi Baliga in Egypt on their honeymoon. Their journey to Egypt for their honeymoon symbolized the beginning of a shared life filled with global perspectives and mutual support, which would be a cornerstone of R.K. Baliga's impactful career.
Shanthi Baliga, formerly known as Chitra Pai before her marriage, also obtained a postgraduate diploma in marketing advertising from Bharathiya Vidya Bhavan in Bangalore, where she received the Vijaya Bank Award for Best All-around student in marketing and advertising. Shanthi Baliga completed her BA at Saint Xavier’s College, Mumbai, and then pursued her Masters in sociology from the School of Economics and Sociology, University of Bombay. It was uncommon for women to attend college during those days, making her unique. Additionally, she excelled in table tennis, representing Maharashtra as a champion.
Shanthi Baliga was deeply involved in education, serving as a professor of conversational English at Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. Her academic achievements and early career demonstrated her intellectual prowess and commitment to learning, setting her apart as a pioneering woman in her era.
In Bangalore, she was known for her extensive volunteer work, serving as secretary of the National Council of Women Bangalore Branch and the University Women’s Association Bangalore branch. She also held the position of Chairperson for fundraising and was the founder of the Guild of Service Bangalore branch, where she served as President. She played a pivotal role in drafting a statement on building a civil society, and a guide to action. Additionally, she founded an organization dedicated to mobilizing women for volunteer work in rural areas, including the adoption of villages in Abigere taluk.
Shanthi Baliga's contributions through the Guild of Service were multifaceted, encompassing the establishment of Balwadis (nurseries), vocational training centers, nutrition programs, adult literacy classes for women, income-generating programs, scholarships for women's education, health funds, midday meal schemes, special coaching classes, and nurseries for children of low-income groups. Additionally, she actively participates in community projects as the chairman of the Rotary Club and engages in activities such as blood donation camps and health checkup camps through the Inner Wheel Club. Furthermore, she played a significant role in the Family Planning Association of India Bangalore Branch and represented India at international workshops in Indonesia, Beijing, Lucknow, and Chennai.
Shanthi Baliga has been recognized with numerous awards for her extensive voluntary work, including honors from the Lioness Club of Bangalore, the Indian Development Education Foundation, The Bolar Education Trust, and the Gaud Saraswath Mahila Trust and the Gaud Saraswath Samaj. Moreover, she represented India at the United Nations Conference for Women in Beijing, China, which was inaugurated by Hillary Clinton. Mrs. Shanthi Baliga, now in her late 80s, continues her dedicated volunteer work and is honored here by the Rotary Club of Bangalore, of which she is a valued member.
Here is a photograph of Mr. R.K. and Shanthi Baliga at the wedding of her brother K. Krishna Pai to Purnima Pai at their wedding. Both Krishna and Purnima Pai were entrepreneurs, and their insights into the challenges faced by entrepreneurs proved invaluable to Mr. R.K. Baliga as he went on to establish Electronic City.
In 1960-1961, Mr. R.K. Baliga traveled to Paris, France, where he participated in a Certificate Course in Production and Management. The group photograph was taken near the Bronze statue by Jules Blanchard, located in front of the Hôtel-de-Ville de Paris/City Hall of Paris, built around 1882.
This international exposure further broadened his understanding of industrial practices and management techniques, contributing to his comprehensive knowledge base for future endeavors in India. The course in Paris provided him with cutting-edge insights into production efficiency and organizational management, which he would later apply to large-scale industrial projects in India, including the development of Electronic City.
In 1961, R.K. Baliga took on the position of Chief Engineer at Bharat Electronics Limited, where he was responsible for overseeing all aspects of planning, design, plant layout, installation, and maintenance of machinery in the existing factory. Additionally, he spearheaded new projects, including the development of a township, showcasing his leadership and strategic vision within the organization. This provided him with valuable experience and insights, enabling him to envision the concept of an Electronic City.
Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) is a leading Indian electronics company headquartered in Bangalore, Karnataka. It was founded in 1954 and is one of the eight Navratna companies of India. BEL is primarily involved in the manufacture and supply of electronics equipment for the Indian Armed Forces and other government agencies. It also produces products for the civilian market, such as radars, communication systems, and electronic components. Mr. R.K. Baliga's appointment to lead the Radar Division indicates the high level of trust and responsibility placed on him, given the sensitivity of the portfolio. This suggests his expertise and capability in handling critical projects within the field of electronics and defense technology.
His extensive experience at BEL, particularly in large-scale project management and infrastructure development, was crucial in shaping his visionary ideas for urban planning and technological advancement, which later materialized as Electronic City. His leadership in the Radar Division, a highly sensitive and critical area, further demonstrated his technical acumen and ability to manage complex, high-stakes projects, laying the groundwork for his ambitious plans for Karnataka's electronic future.
Between 1960 and 1968, R.K. Baliga, his wife Shanthi Baliga, and their three children resided with his parents, B. Vaikunta Baliga and Sharada Baliga. This living arrangement not only facilitated financial savings but also granted R.K. Baliga the advantage of having access to his father's wisdom and expertise. With his father being a prominent lawyer and politician, R.K. Baliga likely benefited from valuable guidance and insights, contributing to his overall success in navigating both professional and personal challenges. A cherished family moment was captured in this photograph: it depicts R.K. and Shanthi Baliga sharing a happy moment with R.K.'s parents, B. Vaikunta Baliga and Sharada Baliga.
As Chief Engineer at Bharat Electronics Ltd. from 1961 to 1968, R.K. Baliga was tasked with developing an integrated residential colony comprising over 1400 houses, along with places of worship for various religions. Additionally, from 1974 to 1976, during his tenure as President of the BEL Cooperative Housing Society, he led the development of another housing colony consisting of 1500 houses. R.K. Baliga's roles in developing residential colonies for Bharat Electronics Ltd. and the BEL Cooperative Housing Society provided him with valuable experience in urban planning and community development. This experience likely contributed to his ability to envision and plan urban spaces, demonstrating his forward-thinking approach to urban development and infrastructure.
As President of the BEL Fine Arts Club from 1967 to 1970, R.K. Baliga organized a diverse range of cultural events, including Drama Festivals, Music Festivals, and Carnivals. These events encompassed ten different languages and cultural associations, engaging industrial workers, both men and women, as well as their families, in a rich tapestry of artistic expression and community engagement. He had the pulse of the people--Indeed, R.K. Baliga's initiatives as President of the BEL Fine Arts Club enabled him to connect with and understand the sentiments and interests of the people. By fostering a diverse cultural environment and engaging with industrial workers and their families through various events, he demonstrated a keen awareness of their pulse and preferences, highlighting his commitment to employee welfare and community building beyond purely technical roles.
He went to Japan in 1972 for one year; at which time Japan was the leader in consumer Electronics. This experience provided him with invaluable insights into advanced manufacturing techniques, quality control, and the rapid pace of innovation in the consumer electronics sector, which he later applied to his vision for India's electronics industry.
His time in Japan was instrumental in shaping his understanding of how a nation could become a global leader in electronics, influencing his strategies for Karnataka's industrial development. The exposure to Japan's highly efficient and innovative electronics industry provided him with a blueprint for fostering similar growth in India, particularly in the context of establishing Electronic City and promoting a robust electronic manufacturing ecosystem.
The entrepreneurial endeavors of Mrs. Shanthi R Baliga in 1965 exposed Mr. R.K. Baliga to the intricacies of starting a new company and navigating regulatory challenges. Drawing from this experience, he later implemented "One-Stop" shopping at Keonics, streamlining processes and reducing bureaucratic hurdles for entrepreneurs. This entrepreneurial insight contributed to his visionary approach in shaping the future of Karnataka.
Her practical experience as an entrepreneur provided R.K. Baliga with a unique perspective on the ground-level challenges faced by businesses, directly influencing his policies at KEONICS to foster a more supportive environment for industrial growth. This firsthand understanding of entrepreneurial hurdles was a key factor in his innovative "One-Stop Shopping" approach, which significantly reduced red tape and attracted numerous businesses to Electronic City.
R.K. Baliga's involvement as a member of the Board of Studies, Faculty, and Examiner for the MBA program at Bangalore University from 1969 to 1976 reflects his commitment to education and academia. Additionally, his role as a guest faculty at esteemed institutions such as the National Productivity Council, All India Management Association (AIMA), and other professional bodies underscores his dedication to sharing knowledge and expertise beyond his primary professional responsibilities.
His active participation in academic and professional bodies demonstrated his belief in the importance of theoretical knowledge combined with practical application, a philosophy he championed in his industrial development initiatives. By contributing to MBA programs and lecturing at management associations, he actively shaped the next generation of business leaders with a blend of academic rigor and real-world industrial insights, further solidifying his role as an educator and visionary.
As the National President of the Indian Institute of Plant Engineers, R.K. Baliga played a pivotal role in uniting over 4000 engineers from across India and Europe. This leadership position highlights his ability to foster collaboration and advance the field of plant engineering on a national and international scale.
His leadership in this institute further solidified his reputation as a unifying force in the engineering community, capable of bringing together diverse professionals for collective advancement. This role provided him with a unique platform to understand the needs and challenges of various industries, which directly informed his strategies for promoting electronic industrial development in Karnataka and across India.
This section would contain details about a significant "White Paper" or official document related to R.K. Baliga's work or vision. While specific content for this document is not available, its mention suggests a formal communication or policy paper that played a role in the development of the electronic industry in Karnataka. Such a document would likely outline strategic plans, proposals, or official directives that guided the implementation of projects like Electronic City, further solidifying the government's commitment to Baliga's vision.
In the mid-1970s, R.K. Baliga recognized that Karnataka had the potential to become the epicenter of India’s electronics revolution. Drawing on his international experience and deep understanding of both technology and entrepreneurship, he proposed the creation of a dedicated state corporation to catalyze this transformation. His vision was not just to build factories, but to create an ecosystem that would nurture innovation, attract private enterprise, and provide the infrastructure needed for rapid industrial growth.
In 1976, Baliga’s proposal led to the founding of the Karnataka State Electronics Development Corporation(KEONICS). Appointed as its first Chairman and Managing Director, he was instrumental in shaping every aspect of the organization, from its mission to its operational model. Unlike similar corporations in other states, which focused on government-led manufacturing, Baliga designed KEONICS to empower entrepreneurs. He introduced the concept of “one-stop shopping” for prospective business owners, streamlining approvals and support to reduce bureaucratic hurdles.
Baliga’s leadership extended to the very identity of KEONICS—he personally designed its logo, symbolizing progress and technological advancement. With an authorized capital of 10 million rupees, KEONICS was launched in July 1976, with Chief Minister Devaraj Urs lending crucial political support. Baliga’s approach was collaborative: he brought together government, industry, and academia to create a fertile environment for electronics innovation.
Under his stewardship, KEONICS became the launchpad for Electronic City, a pioneering industrial estate that would attract both Indian and global technology firms. Baliga’s foresight and relentless advocacy transformed Karnataka’s industrial landscape, positioning the state as a national leader in electronics and laying the foundation for Bangalore’s emergence as
KEONICS was established with a clear vision to promote the growth of electronics across the board in the state of Karnataka. The key objectives included:
These objectives reflected a comprehensive strategy to develop a self-reliant and advanced electronics industry within Karnataka, covering a wide spectrum of applications from consumer electronics to defense and space technology. Baliga's foresight in defining such broad and ambitious goals laid the foundation for Karnataka's future as a technological hub.
KEONICS aimed at providing prospective entrepreneurs with assistance to set up electronic units. Unlike other states which had similar Electronics Development Corporations where the government decided to manufacture themselves, KEONICS decided to provide assistance to prospective entrepreneurs.
This approach worked because R.K. Baliga, coming from an entrepreneurial background, was aware of the hurdles entrepreneurs faced and was able to smooth them out compared to other states of India.
"One-Stop Shopping" for prospective entrepreneurs - a revolutionary concept that streamlined bureaucratic processes, making it easier for new businesses to thrive.
This innovative model, prioritizing support for private enterprise over direct government manufacturing, was a testament to Baliga's deep understanding of market dynamics and entrepreneurial needs. It fostered a collaborative environment that significantly accelerated industrial growth in Karnataka.
"While KEONICS extends its assistance to all electronic units in the state in the public, private or joint sectors, it is aware of its responsibility to the community to hold the price line while ensuring the quality of the products and services it promotes."
This philosophy reflected R.K. Baliga's belief in an engineer with a social conscience, balancing business growth with community responsibility. It emphasized ethical business practices and a commitment to public welfare, ensuring that industrial development benefited society at large.
Mr. Baliga's foresight in conceptualizing Electronic Cities in Karnataka exemplifies his recognition of the advantages of geographical clusters long before they were extensively studied and documented in books. His master plan for Electronic Cities highlighted the strengths of clusters, encompassing various types such as geographical, sectoral, horizontal, and vertical clusters. Examples like the California wine cluster and the Hollywood and Bollywood sectors illustrate the efficacy of sectoral clusters, while the presence of all car dealerships in a particular area or restaurants in a food court showcases the benefits of geographical clustering. Baliga's understanding of these principles was instrumental in shaping the development of Electronic Cities in Karnataka.
Cluster theory in strategy, a concept popularized by Michael Porter, emphasizes the significance of geographical agglomeration of interconnected industries and firms. It posits that firms benefit from being located near related businesses, suppliers, and customers, leading to increased productivity, innovation, and competitiveness. In the context of R.K. Baliga's work, particularly in establishing Electronic City in Bangalore and promoting electronic industry clusters throughout Karnataka, cluster theory plays a crucial role. Baliga's vision leveraged the principles of cluster theory by creating a concentrated hub for electronics manufacturing and technology companies. By clustering related businesses in close proximity, Baliga aimed to stimulate collaboration, knowledge sharing, and economies of scale within the electronic industry ecosystem. Moreover, Baliga's efforts to develop Electronic City align with the objectives of cluster theory, which seeks to enhance regional competitiveness and foster innovation through localized concentrations of industry expertise. By fostering an environment conducive to collaboration and resource sharing, Baliga's initiatives aimed to propel the growth and development of the electronic industry in Karnataka. Overall, R.K. Baliga's endeavors in promoting electronic industry clusters reflect a practical application of cluster theory in strategy, showcasing the potential benefits of geographical agglomeration for regional economic development and industrial competitiveness.
The term "Silicon Valley" was indeed popularized by Don Hoefler in a series of articles published in Electronic News in 1970. Hoefler used the term to describe the region in the southern part of the San Francisco Bay Area in Northern California, which had become a hub for semiconductor and technology companies. The name "Silicon Valley" originated from the large number of companies in the area that produced silicon chips, a key component in electronic devices. Since then, Silicon Valley has become synonymous with innovation, entrepreneurship, and technology development, attracting talent and investment from around the world.
Mr. Baliga's efforts in catalyzing the growth of Bangalore led to its recognition as the Silicon Valley of India, even before the emergence of current software companies. This evolution parallels the growth trajectory of the Bay Area, where Hewlett-Packard was among the pioneering companies, followed by others such as Fairchild Semiconductors, Apple, Google, Amazon, Microsoft, and Meta. Baliga's visionary leadership in establishing Electronic City laid the crucial groundwork for Bangalore to earn this prestigious moniker, demonstrating his foresight in recognizing and nurturing the city's potential as a global technology hub.
In the January 1977 issue of Data India, there is a short article featuring Mr. Baliga's predictions regarding the "Electronic Decade" and his aspiration to make Karnataka the "Electronic State" of India. This reflects his visionary outlook and strategic initiatives aimed at positioning Karnataka as a leading hub for electronic innovation and development in the country.
His leadership as CEO of KEONICS was marked by a clear strategic vision to transform Karnataka into a powerhouse of electronics, anticipating future trends and laying the groundwork for sustained growth. Baliga's ability to articulate and pursue such ambitious goals, coupled with his practical approach to industrial development, was instrumental in attracting investment and talent to the state, making his predictions a reality in the decades that followed.
The following slides feature images of a pamphlet from Keonics, where Mr. R.K. Baliga delineates Keonics' Credo aimed at positioning Karnataka as a leading force in societal advancement. The Credo emphasizes electronics' pivotal role in enhancing quality of life, underscores the significance of financial discipline, and acknowledges the imperative of nurturing skills essential for the growth of the electronics industry. The pamphlet details Keonics' commitment to supporting the establishment of electronics firms in Karnataka by providing various forms of assistance and resources. Including a center for raw materials Keonics prioritized facilitating private enterprise over establishing manufacturing companies, distinguishing its approach from organizations like Keltron in neighboring states, which focused more on establishing manufacturing ventures.
In the March 1977 issue of Commerce America, Keonics expressed its interest in obtaining licenses and similar agreements for the production of various electronic equipment and components. This included communications equipment, radar equipment, medical instruments, computers, aviation and space technology instruments, as well as electronic components such as semiconductor devices and capacitors. This initiative likely aimed to bolster India's capabilities in the electronics industry and support advancements in various sectors. These examples developed by Keonics, such as the Air Traffic Control Desk and equipment for use by dentists, showcase the organization's diverse capabilities and contributions to various sectors. Through innovative solutions like these, Keonics has demonstrated its commitment to advancing technology and enhancing efficiency across different industries, furthering the vision of R.K. Baliga for Karnataka's electronic development.
The 1980 annual report to the shareholders of the state of Karnataka highlights the significant expansion of activities undertaken by Keonics during that year. These activities included the development of various projects such as the Keonics Project Center for antennas and electronic switch boxes for the Post and Telegraphs Department, as well as a testing and Development Center aimed at providing effective services to small-scale industries. Additionally, a research and development center within Keonics contributed to the development of air traffic control desks for the HAL Airport. The report also mentions Keonics' services to other public sector undertakings, including the Mysore Power Corporation and the Mahatma Gandhi hydroelectric station. Furthermore, new projects such as the connector project, high-voltage resistors, and television receiver manufacturing project were initiated. The report underscores Keonics' commitment to serving the needs of the electronics industry and its role in promoting technological advancement in Karnataka.
Moreover, considerable progress was made on the Electronic City project, with planning and civil works already underway to fulfill the government's objectives within a shorter timeframe. This demonstrates the dedication and efficiency with which Keonics was executing its initiatives, positioning Karnataka as a hub for electronic industries. The 1980 annual report to the shareholders of Karnataka highlights the government's recognition of the importance of electronics and its efforts to promote electronic industries over the past three decades. These efforts included the establishment of key production units such as Indian Telephone Industries and Bharat Electronics, as well as the provision of infrastructure and training facilities. In the photograph, R.K. Baliga is accompanied by a visiting dignitary from the USA, with Mr. Prabhakar Rao, IAS, positioned to his left side. As a member of the Board of Directors of Keonics and a key supporter, Mr. Prabhakar Rao played a significant role in advancing the organization's goals and initiatives in the realm of electronic development in Karnataka.
Map of Electronic City from the Original ‘Project Profile’ submitted to the Keonics Board of Directors by Baliga. The project profile of Electronic City was placed at the 13th meeting of the board of directors in 1979. As seen from Google Maps, Electronic City is located in the Southeast part of Bangalore.
Karnataka was the first Indian state to conceptualize a dedicated electronic estate, setting the stage for modern industrial clusters. Located in Peenya, this estate was designed to house over 800 industries and quickly became South Asia's largest. It reflected the state’s early vision to create a specialized ecosystem for electronics-based manufacturing and technology growth.
In 1971, the state appointed a high-level expert committee to explore ways of boosting small-scale electronic industries. The committee concluded that Karnataka was ideally positioned to lead this revolution, providing a policy and infrastructure foundation for future projects like Electronic City.
Electronic City emerged from this vision as South Asia’s largest functional electronic area—an embodiment of strategic planning and Dr. Baliga’s forward-looking leadership.
This initiative provided not only physical infrastructure but also a structured environment for innovation. It attracted both domestic startups and global technology firms, generating employment and encouraging talent migration to Bangalore. It became a prototype for future industrial parks, solidifying Karnataka’s leadership in tech-driven growth.
The long-term impact of this initiative is evident today in Bangalore’s position as India’s Silicon Valley. The estate was more than real estate—it was a bold experiment in economic transformation.
One of the core innovations of Electronic City was its integrated model, where large, medium, and small-scale industries coexisted and collaborated. This inclusive framework encouraged supply chain synergy, as large firms sourced components from local small manufacturers, thus distributing opportunities across the industrial base.
Initial Phase Vision:
The model leveraged Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs), aligning government policy, funding, and infrastructure with private sector expertise, agility, and innovation. This enabled efficient capital use and risk-sharing, leading to rapid industrial expansion and job creation.
Thought leaders like Professor Mariana Mazzucato in "The Entrepreneurial State" argue that such collaboration is vital to innovation ecosystems. She, along with Professor Rakesh Basant in "The Black Box," highlights how governments can play a proactive role—not just as facilitators, but as key entrepreneurial actors in their own right.
Mr. Baliga’s approach directly mirrored this philosophy—he envisioned the state as a co-creator in industrial growth. By harmonizing public intent with private execution, Electronic City became a beacon of modern economic planning, and a symbol of what is possible through structured collaboration.
The Indian Institute of Science, founded by Mr. JRD Tata and Maharaja Krishna Raj Wodeyar, played a pivotal role in producing top electronic engineers for over four decades. Additionally, research organizations like Electronic and Radar Development Establishment, Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), and National Aeronautical Laboratory contributed significantly to the development of electronics in India. The report emphasizes Karnataka's ideal infrastructure for electronic industries and the establishment of Keonics in 1976 to further promote rapid growth in the sector.
The Electronic City project, initiated by the Government of Karnataka, was envisioned as a hub for 800 industries with the goal of generating widespread employment across various districts. The plan adopted an integrated approach, combining large, medium, and small-scale industries to drive economic and technological development in the region. The initial blueprint included 10 large-scale, 20 medium-scale, and 235 small-scale industries—an ambitious framework that reflected the forward-thinking vision behind the project. Mr. R.K. Baliga, a bureaucrat with an entrepreneurial mindset and a passion for job creation, was the driving force behind this initiative. His commitment to the development of Electronic City and the broader electronics industry in Karnataka was shaped by his international experience. Between 1982 and 1983, he served as a consultant to ESCAP (Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific), a unit of the United Nations. This role exposed him to global trends and best practices in the electronics sector, further reinforcing his dedication to fostering innovation and economic growth within Karnataka’s industrial landscape.
In the September 27th, 1981 City Tab newspaper article, Mr. Baliga's vision for electronics in Karnataka state was elaborated upon. This vision encompassed his aspirations for the growth and development of the electronics industry in Karnataka, including initiatives such as the Electronic City project and broader strategies to promote technological innovation and economic prosperity in the region.
As President of the 4th National Convention of Plant Engineers, R.K. Baliga's invitation to Mr. GVK Rao, Chief Secretary of Karnataka, underscores the importance of bureaucratic support in realizing his vision for Electronic City. His role would indeed be crucial in securing approval from Chief Minister Devaraj Urs, demonstrating the collaborative efforts required to bring such visionary projects to fruition.
R.K. Baliga's access to Mr. GVK Rao, the Chief Secretary of Karnataka, at the Rotary Club of Bangalore provided him with a valuable opportunity to directly engage with the state's highest-ranking bureaucrat. During this interaction, Baliga passionately pitched his vision for the development of the electronic industry in Karnataka to Mr. Rao. Mr. Rao extended an invitation to Baliga for a meeting scheduled in May 1976, coinciding with the visit of the President of a Canadian electronics company to Bangalore. The purpose of the meeting was to discuss the establishment of electronic units in the state, showcasing the potential for collaboration and investment in Karnataka’s potential for electronic industry. Baliga formulated a comprehensive vision plan, which Mr. GVK Rao advocated to Chief Minister Devaraj Urs. Subsequently, Urs approved the plan, signaling the government's endorsement of Baliga's vision for the development of the electronic industry in Karnataka. In the accompanying photograph, Baliga is seated on the left side of Mr. Urs, reflecting his pivotal role in the initiative.
In the left photograph, on the dais are Mr.R.K. Baliga, Mr. Veerappa Moily (Industries Minister of Karnataka), and Mr. T.A. Pai, Union Minister in the Central Government Mr Veerappa Moily (who later becomes Chief Minister of Karnataka) would be a key supporter of R.K. Baliga, particularly when others were aspiring for his job and were trying to unseat him. This strong political backing was instrumental in navigating the bureaucratic landscape and securing the necessary approvals and resources for the ambitious Electronic City project, demonstrating Baliga's skill in strategic advocacy and building crucial alliances.
Mr. Baliga's goal to create around 10,000 jobs in the electronic industry in Karnataka reflects his commitment to fostering economic growth and employment opportunities in the state. He acknowledges the differences in industrial culture between India and countries like Japan or the USA, emphasizing that India's industrialization journey began in earnest from 1956 onwards. This recognition underscores the importance of continued efforts to develop and expand the electronic industry in Karnataka and highlights the challenges and opportunities inherent in India's industrialization process.
Mr. R.K. Baliga’s unwavering commitment to promoting KEONICS was evident through his active participation in national forums such as INCOMEX 1982. As Chairman and Managing Director of KEONICS from 1976 to 1983, he played a central role in shaping Karnataka’s electronic industry. His efforts were significantly supported by Mr. Veerappa Moily, then Minister for Small Scale Industries and fellow native of South Canara, whose political backing was instrumental in advancing KEONICS' initiatives. INCOMEX 1982, a key national meeting, showcased Mr. Baliga’s leadership in advocating for Karnataka’s electronic sector. His presence, alongside dignitaries like Mr. Moily, underscored the crucial role of government-industry collaboration in fostering technological innovation and economic growth. During this time, Mr. Baliga also participated in a pivotal workshop in Bombay (now Mumbai) aimed at identifying occupational skill requirements for the electronics industry. His collaboration with other leaders like Mr. Patankar from MELTRON and Mr. Subramaniam from the Electronics Trade and Technology Development Corporation reflected a pan-India approach to strengthening industry capabilities. Insights into the rationale for selecting the location of Electronic City are illuminated by slides from a 1981 City Tab article. These reveal how competitive state-level policies, such as central government tax abatement incentives, shaped site selection. Karnataka’s edge over Tamil Nadu in offering economic incentives played a decisive role in the establishment of Electronic City. Mr. Baliga’s tenure at KEONICS concluded following the political shift in 1983, which led to the restructuring of his role. The position of Chairman and Managing Director was split, signaling a new phase of leadership. Nonetheless, his vision and foundational work continued to guide the organization’s direction. In 1983, a The Illustrated Weekly of India article discussed the relaxation of the national licensing policy—a move that would have likely accelerated the growth of Electronic City. This policy change aligned closely with Mr. Baliga’s vision and would have further empowered Karnataka’s transformation into a hub for electronics and industrial innovation.
Mr. Baliga's active involvement in activities beyond his professional duties is evident from his role as President of the Rotary Club of Bangalore from 1981 to 1982. As discussed earlier, organizations like Rotary played a crucial role in driving initiatives such as the Electronic City project forward, highlighting Mr. Baliga's multifaceted approach to leadership and community engagement in promoting the development of Karnataka's electronic industry landscape. Mr. Baliga's invitation to be the chief guest at St. Joseph's Boys High School in Bangalore reflects his involvement in educational and community-oriented events. His presence, alongside his wife Mrs. Shanthi Baliga, on the dais with the school's principal, Fr. Hedwig DeCosta, SJ, underscores his commitment to supporting educational institutions and fostering youth development in the community.
The introduction of non-stop flights from Bengaluru to the Bay Area reflects the positive impact, shaping the Bangalore cluster's evolution, growth, and challenges. The alumni of St. Joseph's Boys High School in Bangalore have made significant contributions to the technology industry, particularly in the Bay Area. Dr. Joy Thomas, an entrepreneur whose company was acquired by Google, and Sabeer Bhatia, the founder of Hotmail, are among them. Additionally, Ben Gomes, one of the first eight employees of Google and a key figure in fine-tuning Google search, as well as Krishna Bharat, the founder of Google News, attended the same school. George Kurian, CEO of NetApp, and his twin brother Thomas Kurian, CEO of Google Cloud, also hail from St. Joseph's Boys High School. This cross-pollination between Bangalore and the Bay Area illustrates the global impact of education and innovation, fostering connections and collaborations between two prominent tech hubs. Chitra Nayak, a prominent Bangalorean who attended Sophia High School, now resides in the Bay Area. She serves as an independent board member for several companies, including Infosys, necessitating frequent travel between the Bay Area and Bangalore for board meetings. Interestingly, she is the niece of Mr. R.K. Baliga, further highlighting the family's connection to both Bangalore and the Bay Area, as well as their significant contributions to the business and technology sectors.
The article by Prof. Dinsha Mistree, a professor at Stanford Law School, highlights the significant role played by the Indian state of Karnataka in fostering the growth of the domestic software industry. It specifically mentions the success of Electronic City in Bangalore, which was initiated in 1976 by a state-level bureaucrat named R.K. Baliga, who incorporated Karnataka State Electronics Development Corporation. This initiative led to the establishment of an industrial park that offered various infrastructure benefits to both public and private electronic firms, including free and subsidized facilities. The government's support included constructing office buildings, providing discounted electricity, setting up clean water systems, and later offering access to the Internet and a government-maintained satellite network in the late 1980s. Officials overseeing Electronic City facilitated a streamlined process for firms, offering a single government window for all requests, which significantly expedited administrative procedures. This state-level promotion contributed significantly to Bangalore's emergence as a hub for the software industry, attracting numerous international firms and leading to the city's prominence in the global software export market.
Following the transition of government in Karnataka, Mr. Baliga stepped down from his position at Keonics and returned to Bharat Electronics Limited for a period. During this time, he held the position of Officer on Special Designation, which represented a temporary phase in his career. However, demonstrating resilience, he later assumed the role of Chairman and Managing Director of Hindustan Teleprinters, a public sector company based in Chennai, from February 1984 to February 1986. At HTL, Mr. Baliga is seen alongside the Union Minister for the Department of Telecommunications, Mr. Ram Nivas Mirdha, and the Secretary for the Department of Telecommunications, Mr. K. Thomas Kora. This indicates Mr. Baliga's active involvement and engagement in the telecommunications sector during his tenure as Chairman and Managing Director of Hindustan Teleprinters. Continuing his active engagement beyond his professional responsibilities, Mr. Baliga served as the President of the All India Public Sector Sports Association. In this role, he organized annual meets that brought together 300 athletes and sportsmen and women from 40 different public sector industries across India, demonstrating his commitment to promoting sports and camaraderie within the public sector community while residing in Madras.
As a chief guest at an event hosted by The Rotary Club of Chennai, Mr. Baliga addressed the topic of workaholism, which is akin to contemporary discussions on burnout. He discussed various types of workaholism and proposed seven solutions to mitigate burnout, one of which was joining organizations like Rotary to find balance and support outside of work. Newspaper articles in "The Hindu" highlighted Mr. Baliga's vision for the growth of the teleprinter industry in India and his proposed Five-Year Plan for the advancement of telecommunications in the country. Despite his relocation from Bangalore to Chennai, he remained actively involved in advocating for the development of electronics and telecommunications across India.
He joined M.Y. Ghorpade who ran the Sandur Group of Companies. After completing his tenure at Hindustan Teleprinters, Mr. Baliga returned to Bangalore, where his wife and children resided. He joined Sandur Prominent Fluid Controls Ltd., owned by Mr. M.Y. Ghorpade, a prominent industrialist in Karnataka. Notably, during the mid-1980s, they were engaged in transferring pollution control technology from West Germany to India, underscoring their awareness of the significance of environmental cleanliness. Mr R.K. Baliga, served on the Board of BMS College of Engineering, Bangalore during the 1980’s. Mr. Baliga demonstrated a commitment to education by serving on the Board of Directors of BMS College of Engineering, contributing to the advancement of engineering education and nurturing future generations of engineers. On an invitation from Dr. Sunita Simon nee Kurpad, from Saint John's Medical College, Mr. Baliga contributed an article about the Electronic City.
Mr. Baliga's foresight and strategic vision for the Electronic City are evident in his early advocacy for its expansion and replication. In the mid-1980s, he highlighted the Electronic City as a model for the development of electronic industries across various parts of the state, including areas like Mysore, Hubli, Dharwad, and others. His prediction of the industrial belt stretching from Bangalore to Hosur by the year 2000 underscores his forward-thinking approach and the potential for significant economic growth and employment generation in high-tech sectors. He serves as an industrial consultant to the state of Haryana, suggesting that he believed all states in India would benefit from the development of Electronic industry.
Mr. Baliga's untimely demise on 26th October 1988 October 1988, likely due to complications from chronic renal failure secondary to diabetes, occurred at the age of 58. He was known for his passion for food and suffered from diabetes in an era when advanced medications like statins were not available. His death, which happened suddenly while dictating to his secretary at St. John's Medical College Hospital in the Koramangala area, left a notable void. His obituary in The Indian Express recognized his pioneering efforts in establishing Bangalore as the Silicon Valley of India, predating the emergence of the current software industry in Electronic City.
An article in The Illustrated Weekly at that time goes on to say The Electronic City had evolved into a showcase for Keonics administrators, attracting visits from officials from various states and even other countries, eager to learn how they could replicate similar success stories in their own regions. Before Mr. R.K. Baliga's passing, Bangalore was already recognized as the Electronic City or the Silicon Valley of India. It wasn't until the early 1990s that companies like Tata Consulting Services, Infosys, Hindustan Computers, and Wipro emerged as significant players, with other firms like Emphasis, Mindtree, Larsen and Toubro, and Infosys emerging shortly after.
The liberalization of the economy by the Narasimha Rao government in 1991 served as a tipping point for the Electronic City project, propelling it forward rapidly. An article by Professor MV Rajiv Gowda, a professor at IIM Bangalore and later a member of parliament from Karnataka, elegantly discusses the bold move and its positive outcomes. The economic liberalization of India in the 1990s, coupled with the emergence of the internet and the Y2K phenomenon, accelerated the growth of the Indian software industry. Tech entrepreneurs such as Narayana Murthy, Nandan Nilekani, S Gopalkrishnan, SD Shibulal, NS Raghavan, and Ashok Arora, founders of Infosys, as well as Asim Premji of Wipro, became billionaires. Their migration to Bangalore was attributed to the favorable environment for electronics, primarily credited to the groundwork laid by Mr. R.K. Baliga, fostering an atmosphere conducive to entrepreneurship. The current Union Minister for Electronics, Rajeev Chandrasekhar, is another entrepreneur with a background in telecom, contributing to Bangalore's vibrant tech landscape. Nandan Nilekani, currently the Chairman of Infosys, served as the brand ambassador for the Indian IT industry and authored books such as "Imagining India" and "Rebooting India." He played a pivotal role in digitization efforts and the implementation of the Aadhaar card system, significantly propelling India's progress. Former GE Chairman Jack Welch played a significant role in promoting outsourcing of electronics during discussions with Sam Pitroda and then-Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi. Bangalore notably benefited from this outsourcing trend, experiencing substantial growth in the electronics industry as a result.
Tim Campbell, in Desi Blitz, discusses Bengaluru's transformation into the Silicon Valley of India, crediting R.K. Baliga for his role in this achievement. He notes the presence of various industries, including Infosys and Wipro, in Electronic City and the broader Bengaluru area.
The book “Becoming Bangalore: Stories That Shaped a Hometown” by Roopa Pai presents a compelling narrative of the city’s evolution and its defining contributors. Among them, RK Baliga is featured as a pivotal figure in shaping Bengaluru’s modern tech identity.
Pai’s work places Baliga’s vision for Electronics City within the broader context of Bengaluru’s transformation into India’s Silicon Valley. His pioneering ideas and public service efforts are portrayed alongside those of other prominent changemakers, underscoring his lasting influence on the city’s development.
In her white paper, Professor Kellee Tsai from Hong Kong delves into the transformative vision that propelled Bangalore into India's Silicon Valley, as outlined in her article "Locating Bangalore as India's Silicon Valley.” She talks about the vision of R.K. Baliga. Professor Suparna Majumdar Kar highlights the visionary influence of Bharat Ratna Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya, the Dewan of Mysore, who advocated industrialization with his motto "industrialize or perish." Given Mr. Baliga's upbringing and education during that era, it's plausible that Visvesvaraya's vision for industrialization had an impact on Baliga's own vision for the electronics sector in Bangalore. The book "Think India" by William Simon and Vinay Rai delves into the rise of India as the world's next superpower and its implications for every American. It specifically discusses Bangalore's emergence as India's Silicon Valley. Rasmus Lema and Bjarke Hesbjerg explore the quest for collective efficiency within Bangalore's software cluster in their book. They delve into the role of Electronic City, Keonics, and other technological advancements in Bangalore. In the book "Making Cities Global: The Transnational Turn in Urban History," edited by AK Sandoval-Strausz and Nancy H Kwak, Margaret Omara discusses the role of Keonics in the establishment of Electronic City in 1978. In Dinshaw Mistree's working paper from Stanford Law School, titled "From Produce and Protect to Promoting Private Industry: The Indian State's Role in Creating a Domestic Software Industry," he discusses the concept of public-private partnerships and the role of governments in fostering entrepreneurial success. "VT Connect" is a platform provided by Vishwakarma Times, a publication focused on engineering and technology. "The Man who Planned Tomorrow" is an article discussing Ram Krishna Baliga's role in planning Electronic City in Bengaluru. In Indranil Ghosh's book titled "Powering Prosperity: A Citizen's Guide to Shaping the 21st Century," it is highlighted that the genesis of Bangalore's transformation into the Silicon Valley of India traces back to the 1970s, spearheaded by R.K. Baliga. Despite skepticism from both Indian and American circles, Baliga, who had previously worked as a test engineer for General Electric in the U.S., envisioned turning Bangalore into India's Silicon Valley. His perseverance, coupled with support from key figures like Karnataka's Chief Minister and chief bureaucrat Mr. GVK Rao, led to the acquisition of 332 acres for the Electronic City project, showcasing remarkable foresight. James Heitzman's book "Network City: Planning The Information Society in Bangalore" offers valuable insights for those interested in fostering similar electronic city developments in India or globally. "Building Bangalore: Architecture and Urban Transformation in India's Silicon Valley," edited by John C. Stallmeyer, provides an architectural perspective on the development and transformation of Bangalore, offering significant insights into the city's evolution as India's Silicon Valley. One notable book on this topic is by Mr. R.C. Mascarenhas from Australia, who proposes renaming it as "India's Silicon Plateau," reflecting Karnataka's geographical location on the Deccan Plateau and its development in the information sector. Electronic City is featured in a book by Naushad Forbes and David Wield titled "Technology from Followers to Leaders: Managing Technology and Innovation in Newly Industrializing Countries." In the book "Pastoral Capitalism: A History of Suburban Corporate Landscapes" by Louise Mozingo, published by MIT Press, the role of Keonics in developing the Electronic City is discussed. Ram Krishna Baliga's pivotal role in developing India's first Electronic City in Bengaluru solidified the city's status as an innovation hub. Recognizing Bengaluru's potential, Baliga spearheaded the establishment of this electronics manufacturing hub, leveraging the city's abundant talent, innovation, and manufacturing ecosystem. His vision and efforts have played a significant role in shaping Bengaluru's reputation as India's Silicon Valley as profiled in Backstage with Millionaires. Thomas Friedman's "The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century" is indeed a renowned book that discusses globalization and the impact of technology on the modern world. While it does not specifically focus on Bangalore, it provides insights into the interconnectedness of the global economy and how technological advancements have transformed various industries, including those in Bangalore's Silicon Valley. "Billions of Entrepreneurs: How China and India Are Reshaping Their Futures and Yours" by Professor Tarun Khanna is a seminal work that explores the entrepreneurial landscapes of China and India, highlighting their transformative effects on global economies and societies. "Discover Geography" by Jaya Balagopal, aimed at 8th graders, provides insight into Bangalore's transformation into a hub for the technology industry. It mentions the presence of approximately 250 software technology firms and the significant role played by Keonics in the development of Electronic City in Bangalore.
Read the full article on Hindustan Times: The dazzling 20/20 vision of Ram Krishna Baliga
This article by Roopa Pai, published in Hindustan Times on Feb 29, 2024, highlights the pioneering vision and legacy of Ram Krishna Baliga, the first chairman and managing director of KEONICS, and the architect behind Bangalore's Electronics City. It traces his journey from Mangalore to the US, his leadership at KEONICS, and his lasting impact on Karnataka's transformation into India's electronics hub.
Narendra & Anuradha Baliga. Narendra Baliga, Baliga's second son, followed in his father's footsteps by representing India in a 32-member contingent at the International Children's Festival in Crimea, Russia (now Ukraine) in the 1970s. A pride of Saint Joseph's Boys High School, he is profiled as a stamp and badge collector and a batik artist. Currently residing in Bangalore with his wife Anuradha Baliga and their 3 children Varun, Megha and Sneha, Narendra serves as an asset manager.
Ms. Lathika Pai, daughter of Mr. R.K. Baliga, holds the position of Country Head of Microsoft for venture capital and private equity. She actively promotes initiatives such as the highway to 100 unicorns for Microsoft in India and is known for her entrepreneurial endeavors. Additionally, she is involved in philanthropic efforts, including her non-profit organization Sonder Connect, which supports female founders.
Siddharth Pai, husband of Lathika Pai, is a technology executive and venture capitalist. He is also a correspondent for Mint Magazine and authored the book "Techproof Me: The Art of Mastering Ever-Changing Technology," published by Penguin Books. Interestingly, Siddharth Pai's great-grandfather was the founder of Canara Bank, as mentioned earlier in this discussion. Together they have two children Rhea and Vikram.
R.K. Baliga’s eldest son, Dr. Ragavendra R. Baliga, is an internationally acclaimed cardiologist. He has authored numerous publications and is widely recognized for his expertise in the field of cardiology.
Ragavendra Baliga's wife, Jayashree, is a Chartered Accountant in India, a Certified Accountant in the USA, and holds an MBA from Cranfield University in the UK. She actively serves on the boards of two non-profit organizations—one dedicated to addressing domestic violence issues and the other focused on empowering women. They have two children Anoop and Neena.
In December 2022, Swaraaj magazine highlighted Karnataka as the undisputed leader in India's Information Technology industry. The combined software exports from the state for the fiscal year 2021-2022 amounted to over 53 billion US dollars or approximately 3.95 lakh crores of rupees (INR), according to data provided by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology. McKinsey CEO Bob Sternfels expresses his belief that the 21st century will belong to India, citing its abundant raw ingredients and potential. He highlights India's position as a future Talent Factory, with projections indicating that by 2047, it will host 20 percent of the world's working population. Additionally, Sternfels notes India's progress in digitization, suggesting it will propel the country's growth significantly.
R.K. Baliga was a polymath whose diverse experiences and can-do attitude gave him key qualities such as flexibility, openness, and versatility—traits that made him uniquely suited to implement his visionary project: Electronics City in Bangalore. Though a bureaucrat by designation, he brought with him a strong entrepreneurial background. His experience with side ventures helped him connect with entrepreneurs and attract them to Karnataka more effectively than perhaps any other state at the time. As an educator and global professional, with work and training experiences in the United States, France, Japan, and India, Baliga was well-equipped to envision and drive the development of Electronics City. He translated insights from his entrepreneurial pursuits into actionable policies and strategies that laid the foundation for Karnataka’s rise as a technology hub.
R.K. Baliga's commitment to excellence is evident in his dedication to continuous learning, as seen by the book "In Search of Excellence" by Tom Peters on his desk. His visionary leadership and dedication to promoting the electronic industry in Karnataka set him apart, and perhaps, like Mokshagundam Vishweshawarya, he may one day be posthumously awarded a Bharat Ratna. His story demonstrates How a Government Bureaucrat changed the world—you can do it too. Despite not amassing personal wealth, he epitomized the ethos of giving and helping others, as emphasized by Adam Grant's principles in Give and Take. Baliga was truly an Outlier with an enduring impact on Karnataka's industrial landscape serves as an inspiration for future generations to pursue their visions with unwavering dedication and altruism. Baliga’s story serves as an example of how someone with vision and conviction can make a major contribution to society. His adage was “ ‘Try to help a lot of people, but don’t expect anything in return.’”
Mr.R. K. Baliga was continuously trying to improve. As you will see he had a copy of the book ‘In Search of Excellence” authored by om J. Peters and Robert H. Waterman Jr. on his desk in this photograph Robert H. The "Greatest Business Book of All Time" (Bloomsbury UK), In Search of Excellence has long been a must-have for the boardroom, business school, and bedside table. Based on a study of forty-three of America's best-run companies from a diverse array of business sectors, In Search of Excellence describes eight basic principles of management -- action-stimulating, people-oriented, profit-maximizing practices -- that made these organizations successful. Mr. R. K. Baliga's dedication to improvement is evident in his choice of reading material, as seen with the book 'In Search of Excellence' by Tom J. Peters and Robert H. Waterman Jr. prominently placed on his desk in the photograph. This acclaimed book outlines eight fundamental management principles derived from a study of successful American companies, making it essential reading for both business professionals and academics alike.
The map of Karnataka showcases Mr. Baliga's visionary strategy to create twenty townships akin to Electronic City across the state, with the aim of stimulating economic growth and technological innovation in diverse regions. This ambitious vision seeks to spur development and prosperity beyond traditional urban hubs. Additionally, he emphasized the implementation of programs to cultivate interest in electronics among school and college students, as well as science teachers, indicating a holistic approach to promoting innovation and technological education within the state. The foundation laid by R.K. Baliga and the template established for the Electronic City in Bangalore have served as a model for the development of similar initiatives in 20 other cities across India. Harikrishna Bantwal, an MLA from Bantwal, proposed the establishment of an Electronic City in Mangalore, with the intention of naming it after R.K. Baliga, who hailed from the same region. Mr. Bantwal, who served as the Chairman of Keonics at the time, advocated for this naming tribute to Baliga, underscoring his local and legislative influence.
A recent article in the Deccan Herald highlights Bangalore's status as a hub for billionaires, with over 35 individuals boasting a net worth exceeding $35 million USD, showcasing the ongoing impact of next-generation entrepreneurs in advancing India's technological prowess. Deccan Herald Oct 23, 2013 R.K. Baliga's visionary contributions to the establishment of Electronic City and the IT revolution were highlighted in an article in the Deccan Herald. According to Bandu Sasalati, a senior Keonics official who knew Baliga personally, Baliga's foresight played a pivotal role in shaping Electronic City and catalyzing the IT revolution. Another official Shivkumar Karadkal involved in the infrastructure of Electronic City affirmed that Baliga was the mastermind behind the concept, being the first to envision Bangalore as India's Silicon Valley. Despite initial skepticism, Baliga's idea gained traction with support from figures like Chief Minister Devaraj Urs, thanks to advocacy efforts led by Chief Secretary Mr. GVK Rao. Baliga’s contributions were penned by by Shivkumar Sidramappa in an article ‘Remembering and Honoring a Stalwart Baliga’.
Institute of Science Connect Magazine profiled The story of R.K. Baliga, a government bureaucrat who laid the foundation for Electronic City, which eventually led to Bangalore becoming the “Silicon Valley of India,” underscores the transformative power of vision and conviction in contributing to society. Baliga, born in Mangalore in 1929, pursued electrical engineering at Annamalai University before completing his Master's at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc). His experiences at IISc and subsequent work at General Electric and Westinghouse Electric Corporation in the USA broadened his vision. Returning to India in 1960, Baliga embarked on a multifaceted career, teaching at Manipal Institute of Technology, working at Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL), and eventually becoming the Chairman and Managing Director of Karnataka State Electronics Development Corporation (KEONICS). Under his leadership, KEONICS embarked on ambitious projects like the establishment of Electronic City, laying the groundwork for Karnataka's emergence as an electronics hub. Baliga's foresight and determination paved the way for the establishment of Electronic City, a project initiated in 1979 and approved by the then Chief Minister, Devraj Urs. Despite initial skepticism, Baliga's vision propelled Karnataka's electronics industry forward, catalyzing economic growth and job creation. Today, Electronic City stands as a testament to Baliga's legacy, housing numerous industrial technology and IT companies, and providing employment to thousands. Baliga's story exemplifies the importance of selfless contribution to society, as he advocated for societal betterment and encouraged his family to prioritize communal meals and meaningful conversations. His enduring impact on Karnataka's industrial landscape serves as an inspiration for future generations to pursue their visions with unwavering dedication and altruism. Baliga’s story serves as an example of how someone with vision and conviction can make a major contribution to society. His adage was “ ‘Try to help a lot of people, but don’t expect anything in return.’”
"This is how a government bureaucrat changed the world. He didn't profit, he didn't become a billionaire. Any government servant can change the world, any individual can change the world, and you all can do it too."
R.K. Baliga's story is a testament to the power of vision, dedication, and public service. His life exemplifies how one individual, working within the system and focusing on the greater good, can create transformational change that impacts millions of lives.
As we see in the photograph, he always searched for excellence - there's a book on his desk titled "In Search of Excellence" by Tom Peters. It is so important that CEOs, visionaries, are also learners and educators. History Matters—R.K. Baliga's visionary establishment of Electronic City laid the groundwork for India's digital transformation and will continue to serve as the cornerstone for future advancements, particularly in the realm of Artificial Intelligence, shaping the trajectory of Digital India's growth.
R.K. Baliga was an outlier whose vision, one could argue, is still work in progress. Maybe like Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya, someday he may be awarded a posthumous Bharat Ratna. Most importantly, he was a giver who did not enrich himself but spent all his life trying to promote the electronic industry in Karnataka.
According to Adam Grant, givers succeed because they help others. R.K. Baliga's legacy continues to inspire new generations of entrepreneurs, policymakers, and visionaries who understand that true success comes from serving the greater good and creating lasting positive impact.
Indian Engineers Must be Versed in Social Sciences - Article
Baliga's Key Message
The key message conveyed by Mr. R.K. Baliga in the Westinghouse International Graduate Student Communicator article is that an Indian engineer must possess proficiency in social sciences. He emphasizes that while technical expertise is essential, engineers must also consider social, economic, geographic, educational, and natural resource constraints in their work. Additionally, ingenuity and resourcefulness are crucial, particularly in a developing country where access to foreign resources may be limited. Thus, engineers must adapt their knowledge to address real-world challenges and produce results with available resources, despite existing inequalities.
Holistic Engineering Philosophy
This perspective showcased Baliga's holistic view of engineering, recognizing that technological solutions must be integrated with societal needs and realities, especially in a developing nation like India. His emphasis on social sciences for engineers was revolutionary for its time, highlighting his foresight in understanding that technological progress must be coupled with a deep understanding of human and societal factors to achieve sustainable development and equitable growth. This philosophy would later underpin his approach to establishing Electronic City, ensuring it served broader societal goals beyond mere industrial output.